Lightning strikes are too close for comfort when you see the lightning flash and less than 30 seconds later, you hear the thunder.

That's the advice of senior meteorologist Julie Evans. Working at the Bureau of Meteorology, Julie is well aware of lightning's prominent place among Australia's most dangerous weather hazards.

Estimates say 5 to 10 deaths and more than 100 severe injuries are caused by lightning every year.

The number of seconds between a lightning flash and the sound of thunder is a way to determine how close the lightning was to you. Every 3 seconds that goes by represents a kilometre's distance. So, if the delay between lightning and thunder is under 30 seconds, it means the lightning is less than 10 kilometres away.

When a storm hits

If you find yourself out in the open when a storm hits, you need to think and act quickly. Finding shelter is strongly advised.

A tree is not good shelter in an electrical storm. Try to find shelter inside a building, under a bus shelter or inside a car. Avoid water and objects that conduct electricity, including:

• Golf clubs
• Umbrellas
• Metal fences
• Trees
• Puddles/pools of water

If you are out in the open, unable to move to safe shelter, crouch down, feet together, your head tucked down towards your chest. Aim to make yourself as small as you can. Out-stretched you would be a larger target with more chance of being struck by lightning.

Be aware that more than 50 per cent of lightning deaths occur once the storm has passed. Evans advises you to wait approximately 30 minutes after the last flash of lightning before you leave your shelter.

What's it like to be struck by lightning?

Being struck by lightning can have effects ranging from minor to life-threatening.

According to guidelines published in Annals of Emergency Medicine, 90 per cent of people struck by lightning survive, but they commonly suffer permanent after-effects and disabilities.

Short term effects can include:

• Impaired eyesight
• Ear ringing
• Ruptured ear drums
• Loss of hearing
• Loss of consciousness
• Severe electrical shock
• Seizures
• Paralysis
• External burns to the skin
• Internal burns to organs and tissues
• Blunt trauma (e.g from a falling branch)
• Cardiac arrest can occur in severe cases

Long term effects include:

• Sleep disturbances
• Memory dysfunction
• Headaches
• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Abnormal gait (cannot walk or balance properly)
• Joint stiffness
• Muscle spasms
• Dry eyes

First aid for a person struck by lightning

If you witness a person being struck by lightning, dial 000 for emergency medical help.

Be aware the victim will not retain an electrical charge, so it is safe to touch them.

The person struck may be unconscious, disorientated, or unable to speak. They may also have stopped breathing.

If they are not breathing, follow DRSABCD immediately and continue until medical attention arrives.

If the victim is burnt or bleeding, apply appropriate first aid.

Lightning Facts

• Lightning can warm the air by 27,700 degrees Celsius – 5 times hotter than the surface of the Sun
• A strike can contain one hundred million electrical volts
• If the hair on your head stands on end, it could indicate positive charges are rising through you. If so, seek immediate shelter
• Thunder is caused by the expansion of rapidly heated air
• Lightning from the top of a thunderstorm cloud carries a large positive charge. This is known as positive lightning
• Positive lightning can strike as far as 16 kilometres from a storm.

Lightning Myths (do not believe):

• Lightning never strikes the same place twice
• You will be electrocuted if you touch a person who was struck by lightning
• You should shelter under a tree in a storm
• Structures with metal or jewellery attract lightning

Recommended Resources

To learn more about how to avoid being struck by lightning, watch the following video: